The cathedral was opened in 1874 and was the first Catholic cathedral in Queensland. On his arrival to Brisbane in 1861, Bishop Quinn recognised the need for a Catholic cathedral, work began in 1863. By the 1980s the sandstone used for the spires had eroded and had become unsafe; they were removed and subsequently rebuilt.
Beside the cathedral is St Stephen’s Chapel. This earlier stone church was built around 1850. It is believed that the chapel was designed by notable English architect, Augustus Pugin, who was one of the architects responsible for designing the Houses of Parliament in London.